Utilizing a novel light-to-heat conversion process, a new smart fabric can achieve a temperature increase of more than 54 degrees Fahrenheit (30 degrees Celsius) with only 10 minutes of sun exposure.

Scientists have developed a smart fabric that converts light into heat, raising its temperature by over 54 degrees Fahrenheit (30 degrees Celsius) in just 10 minutes of sunlight. This innovative material has potential applications in clothing designed for extremely cold environments.

Described in the journal Advanced CompositesandHybrid Materials late last year, the new material incorporates specialized nanoparticles that absorb sunlight and convert it into heat. Simultaneously, temperature-responsive dyes woven into the fibers provide a visual indication of temperature changes through reversible color shifts.

While scientists have long explored wearable heaters for cold weather, including applications like mountain rescue equipment and even pet clothing, current designs often rely on costly materials like metal nanomaterials or bulky battery-powered heating elements.

The Body's Temperature Balancing Act

Scientists have long explored wearable heating solutions for cold environments, with potential applications ranging from mountain rescue gear to pet apparel. However, current technologies often depend on costly materials like metal nanomaterials or bulky battery packs.

To overcome the limitations of existing wearable heating technologies, chemical engineer Yuning Li and his team at the University of Waterloo developed a novel approach using photothermal polymers. They embedded nanoparticles of polyaniline (PANI) and polydopamine (PDA) – two polymers that convert light to heat – within a matrix of thermoplastic polyurethane (PTU) fibers, a common material in waterproof clothing and sportswear. Furthermore, they integrated temperature-responsive (thermochromic) dyes during the fiber spinning process, creating fibers that visibly change color with temperature fluctuations.

The developed smart fabric is soft and elastic, capable of stretching to five times its original size while retaining its color- and temperature-changing properties even after 25 washes. "We prioritized durability," Li emphasized, "ensuring the fabric could withstand repeated use and environmental exposure while maintaining its innovative properties." While the team is working towards commercial manufacturing, further testing is necessary before widespread adoption.